To answer part of your question. I don't know if there is an adhesive backed quilting design available now. There was some years ago but I haven't seen, read or heard about them in a long time. That said, if you want an adhesive backed stencil you could make your own. You would need contact paper, the design you want to make and a double blade knife. The double blade knife is made by Olfa and you might be able to find them in quilt shops although they stopped manufacturing them a couple years ago. I have seen them at shows in The Stencil Co booth. You might search on line to see if they still have them.
Also, I do have a sample stencil that was given to me in which a stencil was cut in freezer paper. It would adhere by ironing.
Now having said the agove (again). The adhesive paper designs were really not stencils but were more like templates of large open spaces. You could not quilt over a stencil without it falling apart.