I've seen the generic term kaleidoscope applied to any pattern that repeats around the center section. (Ricky Tims Kool Kaleidoscope is one example that is not made from stacked fabric.) The pattern below (from EQ) is also called kaleidoscope.
Stack and Whack is Bethany Reynolds' method for stacking fabrics to produce repeats. She introduced the name and uses it in her books.
One Block Wonder is a term introduced by Maxine Rosenthal in her books for another type of kaleidoscopic design, which uses only one fabric for the quilt (with the possible addition of cubes, borders, etc.), whereas Stack and Whack blocks usually have a second fabric in each block.