Yikes - just did an online map to see how far Poland is from Syracuse... There are two Polands in NY! Assuming you mean the one in northern NY, not in the Albany area, you'd be about 90 minutes from Syracuse. In North Syracuse, there's Mission Rose. Can be tricky to find, it sits back from the street and is partly behind another building. It's actually Mission Rose Quiltery and Knittery. Very nice shop - batiks, traditional, modern, flannel, lots of fall and Halloween, mamy kits... Really, really nice staff.
In Fayetteville is Calico Gals. They've moved since I was last there, so can't say much. The reason I didn't care for the original shop (although it was written up in the BHG quilt magazine that features ten shops every year) was that it was very chopped up in the upstairs of a barn.
Between Marcellus and Skaneateles is Patchwork Plus, another great shop.
The first two look to be about an hour and 15 minutes from Poland, the last closer to two hours. So it kind of depends on what else you might be doing, or the people you are with. Syracuse has a nice mall, great walking/skating/biking park (in Liverpool), etc. And the drive to Skaneateles is beautiful, it's got a nice (small) lake with great shops and restaurants.