I agree with EasyPeezy that it will be the fabric more than the pattern that will carry out your musical theme. I made a quilt similar to what you're seeking and it was a relatively simple pattern with pinwheels, but I had lovely sheet music fabric that carried my theme. I found several musical prints at Joannes and my local quilt shop. I also found many at online shops.
Good luck and I hope to see a picture when you finish this quilt. :D