All depends on where you live as to weather cotton can grow.
Cotton is grown in 17 states stretching across the southern half of the United States: Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia.
Texas grows the most cotton in the U.S. however China grows more cotton than any other country.
Planting begins as early as Feb. 1 in South Texas and as late as June 1 in northern areas of the Cotton Belt.
I do know there have been times when the government will pay farmers not to plant a certain year. We have farmers here in Georgia who have been paid by the federal government not to grow tobacco or cotton some years.