I'd like to say because I have rescued dogs/girls, that they are very grateful and instantly become wonderful. Hmmm...my chocolate lab is stubborn for no reason other than she can be. When she came to us, she had NO language skills, not receptive or expressive. Even the vet was convinced she was deaf. Anyway, fast forward several years and she understands everything and is well-trained but will express her abilities by refusing. For example, call Lexie to come for a treat? she is the single most food motivated dog ever but she will stand and look at you like you've grown horns. Finally, she will saunter over...she is too funny. Because she was used as a breeder and mistreated for four years, I can understand and allow this as long as she MOVES when necessary.