The "no clue" pieces are tuckers. The "torture devices" are underbraiders. I couldn't see enough detail on the "scoop" thingy, but it doesn't look complete by itself. Perhaps it is part of something else?
For information on how to use the attachments, Sew Classic blog is a wonderful source of information on vintage machines and attachments. You might check out this page:
http://blog.sew-classic.com/. Look around a bit for a booklet called "How to use vintage sewing machine attachments."