4th or 5th generation. I've been sewing since my grand ma let me use her treadle machine when I was 12 13 years old. I still remember her lying in bed watching me while I used her precious machine. I still can hear her telling me not to go so fast, I was pumping for all that was in me. She knew what she was talking about, since my seam wasn't straight. She let me know it too. I can still see her face when I showed it to her. She never smiled,or laughed as I remember, but she did give a little grunt.