Sorry to tell you but the dust is caused by the cutting of fabric. Can you hire/buy an air purifier. Maybe if your doctor could write a letter you could get a discount.
As for the gloves what about making a cotton extension for the short white gloves. Make a casing and add elastic to keep them up the top of your arms. Kind of like a bag dispenser. You could make them loose and they wouldn't be as hot as opera gloves. Good luck which ever way you go.