Oh dear, this is a BIG question.
I used to buy small amounts of fabric, fat quarters, half yards etc.
Now I tend to buy by the bolt or what's left on the bolt at least a minimum of 3 yards at a time.
I wouldn't leave pins in my fabrics, a bit of humid weather and you'll have little rust marks.
My large pieces of fabric are stored on heavy duty chrome racking. For smaller bits and pieces I have quite few (I've be accumulating fabric for years and years) of those plastic drawers on wheels. If they are all the same brand you can lift the lid, and stack one on top of the other. I love them because you can pull the drawer right out, rummage through it, and then just slot it back in place.
As for wanting to know the price, sometimes you are better off not knowing (grin). If I ever need to cost my quilts, I just base the cost on current prices.
HTH