First of all, what kind of machine did you use to wash your quilt? You are more likely to have this problem if it is a domestic front loader because they use very little water. This means that any dye that bleeds remains very concentrated.
You can remove the bleeds with Synthrapol. However, you need to use the Synthrapol with a lot of water (and the water needs to be hot). Synthrapol suspends unset dye particles in water so they are rinsed away instead of settling into fabric. This is why you need lots of water, to allow the dye particles to remain suspended. A large laundromat front-loader is a good choice for this. Ideally your first wash should have been done this way. Since dye has already settled into other fabrics, you might need more than one wash with Synthrapol to remove all of the bleeds. Usually, if you have not dried the quilt in a dryer, just one wash should do it.
Synthrapol is widely available in quilt shops that cater to dyers, and is also widely available online. Amazon has it.