I have never used glue but if I did I wouldn't use fabric glue as that is formulated to permanently hold on fabrics. I would use a childrens washable glue. Like Elmers. I'm sorry that this happened to you. Could you have just pinned it? I have not made a Spider Web Quilt. Actually I have never seen one (that i know of). Please show a pic after you have made it. I would love to see one.
Good luck.