In my opinion it appears to be the #301 pattern shown in Barbara Brackman's Encyclopedia of Pieced Quilt Patterns, page 58. It is called Tea Leaf, Compass, Lover's Know, Lafayette Orange Peal, Circle Upon Circle, Bay Leaf, or Pincushion, depending on the source. The earliest example of this pattern she found was ca. 1825-50 in the Shelburne Museum. (#164)
Jan in VA