Hi, I'm new to quilting. Like you, I have limited space. Here are some of the things I'm using to try & get track of my things. All of my cutting items are in a clear plastic shoe box. Most of my rulers are in a clear container. Threads in another clear plastic box. As for my fabrics, I take a picture of each one and have them on a disc. My fabrics I place in a space bag. And since I also do beading and needlepoint/cross stitch, I use the larger tote boxes, to keep similar items together. Along with keeping a list on my laptop. And, the locations. :-) I hope that this will give you and others, some more ideals.
Have fun. :) :)