I did textiles at school (12 years ago) and for part of a wallhanging, I did what I guess would be called thread painting, using a machine with no foot and a hoop. A zig zag stitch. It worked well.
I recently tried to do it on my computerised machine but it wasn't playing ball for some reason.
Someone mentioned octagonal hoops, i've watched vids if her, they look great. I've looked into it but those octohoops are very expensive, especially to get them in the UK!