No, color catchers do not pull color from fabric, they just catch the color from the water so it doesn't bleed onto the other fabrics that are being washed in the same load.
If I were having that much difficulty getting the color to stabilize, I'd add a 1/4C vinegar to the tub. When I used to work as a stylist for an upscale clothing store, we always recommended that to clients for the first wash for blue jeans & certain other articles with intense color that was likely to bleed. Vinegar and cold water helps to set the color. I've also done that with RIT-dyed fabrics.