Just to be clear, color catchers do not prevent bleeds; they soak up bleeds. Also, they are meant for light bleeds. If you have a heavy bleeder fabric in the mix, color catchers can be overwhelmed and not able to catch all of the loose dye. Probably the safest first wash is a combination of Synthrapol and color catchers; however, Synthrapol requires hot water to be fully effective.
Most modern fabrics do not bleed a whole lot, but it's still possible to buy a bleeder fabric. There are two types of bleeder fabric -- one that is oversaturated with dye, and one which never had the dye properly set during the manufacturing process.
For the first type, the bleeding will eventually stop as the excess dye is finally rinsed out of the fabric. Fibers can absorb only a finite amount of dye; if the manufacturer has not thoroughly rinsed the fabric after dying, excess dye particles remain in the fabric until the user rinses it all out.
The second type is probably more rare. When the dye is not properly set, the fabric can continue to bleed indefinitely. First wash will release the most loose dye into the water, but subsequent washings will continue to release dye. When there is not a lot of dye being released into the water, color catchers are sufficient to absorb the particles. However, the color catchers again can absorb only a finite number of loose dye particles. A bleeder fabric can release a *lot* of dye the first time it is exposed to water.