I was able to use large binder clips on my kitchen table which has a formica top. Every time I pin a quilt I thank my lucky stars that I have a vintage, formica table. Because the pins scrape on the top of the table but don't damage it. If my table were real wood, the pins would be chewing it up.
The Staples page says the clips I bought are 2" with a 1" capacity, so I would think that would work on your table.
But I wonder if the basting pins would damage your table. Would you pin with the table pad on it? I think the pins would even damage the table pad. I'll be curious to know what you work out. My wood dining room table is bigger than my kitchen table but I haven't use it to baste because I worry about damaging it.