The way I learned lining up back and front is fairly easy for things like placing pieced back details where you want them.
For lining up vertical center rows, for example, I make sure the top and back are squared up with their centers in the true center and the backing is exactly the same width larger than the top on all sides. I then cut the batting so it is exactly the same width larger than the top on all sides and exactly smaller than the back on all sides. I generally go with a 2" ring (each layer is 4" larger than the one on top of it), but as long as it's consistent it'll work. The three layers can be centered by measuring the exposed edges of the backing and batting.
It's a bit harder for something like placing a panel/single block/detail exactly where you want it on the back, but if your measurements from all sides are accurate, it works quite well.
The three layers stacked:
