Baltimore Album quilts were popular in Maryland in the 1840s. Most of the applique blocks were floral designs and many times each block was made by a different quilter. Baltimore Album is more a style of applique. Applique can refer to any fabric that is affixed to the top of another piece of fabric--it can be fused on, hand stitched, machine stitched, etc.
A ladder stitch is a nearly invisible stitch that can be used for applique or sewing on bindings, etc. There are tutorials on line where you can learn how--just google ladder stitch.