It's neat that at least three people have used the term "beauty", which is certainly apt! I'm pretty sure it's a variant of the New York Beauty pattern. When they are in full circles they are sometimes called "sunbursts". In Barbara Brackman's America's Printed Fabrics 1770-1890, she mentions a sunburst quilt in the Smithsonian that dates to about 1840. I don't know anything specific, but it seems like an interesting lead. What a great find. Welcome to the board!