I have a Singer 15-91 and encountered this problem before and easy to correct. If i'm using taller thread cones then i'll sit my thread stand just to the left front of the machine and feed the thread through the bobbin winder thread tension disc as usual. You may find guiding the thread between your fingers (before the bobbin winder tension disc) helps. Also, using a slightly slower feed rate when winding the bobbin helps
Since doing this, i do not encounter any problems at all. I doubt the tension disc needs adjusting unless it's been stripped down and not properly re-set on reassembly.