bearisgray

You have the right idea of the three layers that go into a quilt:

the top that you just pieced - sometimes called a "flimsy"
the batting that goes between the top and bottom layers - also called "wadding" in some countries
the backing/bottom layer

Then one has to decide how to hold the three layers together so they don't shift and bunch up while being used.

There are usually two stages of holding the three la years together -

1) The first stage is pinning and/or basting - the preliminary/temporary step before the "permanent" holding the layers together.
There are several ways of temporarily holding the layers together - pinning, basting, and "spray basting" - which is a temporary/washable glue that goes away when the quilt is washed.

2) The "permanent" holding of the layers together -
A) Tying
B) Hand quilting
C) Machine quilting

And there are various ways of doing any and all the above.