Oooh, great topic! And I love reading about everyone's different styles.
Those planners are so cute but I know I won't use one consistently so I admire from afar (and spend my stationary $ on fountain pens, haha). Like Synch, I keep a spreadsheet. My fields are start date, end date, name (what I call it), pattern, size, brief notes on colors/fabrics/quilt design -- then the remaining columns are a progress checklist. I think it's fabric chosen, piecing, assembling, basting, quilting, labeling + binding.
Deeper details for each go on paper in the project bin. When the quilt is done, those papers go in a folder of finished notes in case I need to reference them later.