Well, I don't know who taught me to applique, but It's not the methods described here. I draw the reversed design on the back of the main piece, then "cover" a section( on the correct side) with desired fabric to be carefully straight stitched to outline. Then I carefully trim close to straight stitch line. When all colors are added, then I satin stitch to applique. I am currently working on a project that I created on a whim! I used a stained glass pattern for the seahorse. Seashells to follow.