I've never tried it but I would be very hesitant. I would think the adhesive would bind up the needle and make it very difficult to pull the needle through by hand.
I usually pin baste my quilts. If they are large (queen/king) and I'm hand quilting, I've taken to thread basting simply because it's much lighter and easier to move around.
I'm sure others will be along that have more experience with this method.