vinegar sets acid dyes---which are not used on cotton fabrics-
vinegar will freshen fabrics- and is a good fabric softener- but has nothing to do with setting colors-
sort the fabrics so reds/darks do not bleed on lighter fabrics- toss in color catchers or use retayne if you are worried about a bleeder.
detergent and borax- or oxyclean should be all you need- but skip that gentle cycle- use a regular-long cycle= and a hot dryer.
if there are dropping stains you may have to wash them more than once (the oxyclean would help here)