While my dad was in a rehab/nursing facility, there was a patient who roamed around taking things from patients rooms. The staff usually retrieved missing items. Ask them to notify day and night staff to look for quilt.
If it can't be located, try making a big block quilt. It is just a gigantic version of your favorite easy block. Or, make one with 6 big blocks - 2 x 3 about 15" to 18" each, with one or two borders, if needed.